Example Essay for Primary Research

OUTLINE I. Introduction * Definition of young adults: Take responsibilities for their own action (Newman, B. M & Newman, P. R, 1983) * Young adults should live with their parents. II. Body 1. Save money * Affected by economic crises: Number of youth unemployment (Barnes, 2012) * Save the daily expenses ( Vander Zanden, 1997) 2. Close relationship among family members * Parents: + Support emotion (Philip, 1998) + Take care of each other (Logan & Spitze, 1996) * Siblings: + Share every day routines (Newman, B. M & Newman, P. R, 1983) + Confide each other (Newman, B. M & Newman, P. R, 1983) . Reduce bad effects for personal development * Evidences: + Unexpected pregnancy (Philip, 1998) + Less successful marriages and work lives (Berk, 1998) + Increased depression (Rosenfeld, 2010) * Role of family: Safety net (Berk, 1998). 4. Counterargument and refutation: * Counterargument: Young adults will gain experience when they leave home * Refutation: + Parent’s opinions are better than peer’s opinion (Newman, B. M & Newman, P. R, 1983) + Important role of social support from parents (Philip, 1998) + Free to go out to get experience because of democracy parents (Turner & Helms, 1989) III.Conclusion Young adults should remain to co-reside with their parents because of the lack of advices, financial and emotional support from their family (Berk, 1998). Young generations play an importance role for the future generation in their country. The government always gives priority to these generations including children, adolescents, and young adults. However, young adults acknowledged to have rights to take responsibilities for their own action (Newman, B. M & Newman, P. R, 1983) possess the best for developing the country.Whether early adults should live at home with their parents or leave their parental home is still controversial. In our opinion, early adults should co-reside with their parents for several reasons. The first reason why early adults should live wit h their family is that they have an opportunity to save money. Economic circumstances present many challenges for young adults because most usually graduate from high school, they find a place in college and start a job (Crandell, T. L, Crandell, C. H & Vander Zanden, 2009).Besides, economic crises have led unemployment for â€Å"75 million† young people between the ages of 15 to 24 years old (Barnes, 2012). Due to the low starting salaries, many young adults struggle to pay their daily expenses (Vander Zanden, 1997). Furthermore, according to Hartley (1993), in Australia, 45% of surveyed people said the main reason for returning home in the first time is financial problems. Secondly, early adults who do not make a residential transition have a closer relationship with family members than those leaving home do.Beside financial support, children will receive love and moral support from their parents (Philip, 1998). Parents, moreover, are willing to provide guidance for their c hildren that help them make better choices and decisions. As a result, the relationship between parents and children is more valuable than young adults and peers (Logan & Spitze, 1996). In addition, the siblings are typically the first peer group in both childhood and adulthood. Young adults living at home benefit from sharing every day routines ith their siblings like joining he meal, splitting dress or taking care of one another, especially, when they are ill (Newman, B. M & Newman, P. R, 1983, p. 231). Furthermore, when young adults cope with problems to express themselves with their parents, teachers and social peers, the siblings are likely to be appropriated people to confide (Newman, B. M & Newman, P. R, 1983). Thirdly, early adults living at home will reduce bad effects on personal development. Young people are likely to become self-indulgent including the temptation of drugs and alcohol when there is no parental supervision.According to Philip (1998), negative economic and social effects leading to a great number of dangers as â€Å"teen-aged motherhood† are the results of leaving home at very early young age (p. 557). In addition, detaching themselves from their net at young age make early adults hard to succeed in marriage and work (White as cited in Berk, 1998). Nevertheless, young adults presume that the goal of leaving home is to have an independent life, which makes them easily anxious and depressed (Olds & Schwartz as cited in Rosenfeld, 2010). Bruch et al. Cheek & Busch (as cited in Berk, 1998) said that â€Å"socially anxious people report more loneliness† (p. 461). Therefore, the family is the best address to release stress and decrease social dangers for early adults because â€Å"the parental home serves as a safety net and base of operation for launching adult life† (Berk, 1998, p. 463). The opponents of co-residence with parents say that young adults will get experience when leaving home. However, gaining experience does not depend on who they live with and young adults can get valuable experiences while living with their parents.In fact, peer’s advices are not always as reliable and effective as parents’ in some cases (Newman, B. M & Newman, P. R, 1983). Moreover, the necessity of social support from their parents for the maturity of young adults was the conclusion of a study of 175 18 and 19-year-old college students (Philip, 1998). According to Turner and Helms (1989), 83% of the adolescents have â€Å"democratic parents† (p. 288) because they still have the freedom to participate in social activities and do part-time jobs to broaden knowledge when living at home.Additionally, they also can help their parents with household chores, which narrows the generation gap and helps them learn essential skills for an independent life later. In conclusion, due to the current economic crises and dramatic changes in society, especially the increase of social dangers, young adults sh ould live in their parental home to avoid harmful influences on themselves and their family as well. By contrast, young adults who decide to leave home at an early age may face difficulties for a long time because of the lack of advices, financial and emotional support from their parents (Berk, 1998). Words: 769REFERENCES Barnes, H. (2012). Global Youth unemployment: Making sense of the numbers. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-19745115. Berk, L. E. (1998). Development through the lifespan. The USA: A Viacom Company. Crandell, T. L. , Crandell, C. H. , Vander Zanden, J. W. (2009). Human Development. (9th ed. ). New York: The McGraw-Hill Company. F. Philip Rice. (1998). Human Development. (3rd ed. ). The USA: A Viacom company. Hartley, R. (1993). Young Adults living at home. Australian Institute of Family Studies. Reproduced from FAMILY MATTERS no. 36 December 1993, pp. 35-37. Retrieved from http://www. ifs. gov. au/institute/pubs/fm1/fm36rh1. html. Loga n, J. R. , Spitze, G. D. (1996). Family Ties: Enduring Relations between Parents and Their Grown Children. The USA: Temple University. Newman, B. M. , Newman, P. R. (1983). Understanding Adulthood. The USA: CBS College Publishing. Rosenfeld, M. J. (2010). The Independence of Young Adults, in Historical Perspective. Journal of Family Therapy Magazine, 9 (3), 17-19. Turner, J. F. , Helms, D. B. (1989). Contemporary Adulthood. (4th, ed. )The USA: Saunders College Publishing Vander Zanden, J. W. (1997). Human Development. (6th ed. ). The USA: The McGraw-Hill Company. .

About Arata Isozaki, Architect of Japanese New Wave

Arata Isozaki (born July 23, 1931 in Oita, Kyushu, Japan) has  been called emperor of Japanese architecture and an engineer of controversy.  Some say he is Japans guerrilla architect for defying conventions, challenging the status quo, and refusing to establish a brand or architectural look. Japanese architect Arata Isozaki is known for using bold, exaggerated forms and inventive detailing. Born and educated in Japan, Arata Isozaki often integrates Eastern ideas into his designs. For example, in 1990 Isozaki wanted to express a yin-yang theory of positive and negative space when he designed the Team Disney Building in Orlando, Florida. Also, because the offices were to be used by time-conscious executives, he wanted the architecture to make a statement about time. Serving as offices for the Walt Disney Corporation, the Team Disney Building is a startling postmodern landmark on the otherwise barren stretch of Floridas Route I-4. The oddly looped gateway suggests gigantic Mickey Mouse ears. At the buildings core, a 120-foot sphere forms the worlds largest sundial. Inside the sphere is a serene Japanese rock garden. Isozakis Team Disney design won a prestigious National Honor Award from the AIA in 1992. In 1986, Isozaki was awarded the prestigious Royal Gold Medal from the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA). Education and Professional Accomplishments Arata Isozaki studied at the University of Tokyo, graduating in 1954 from the Department of Architecture in the Faculty of Engineering. In 1946, noted Japanese architect Kenzo Tange (1913 to 2005) had organized what became known as the Tange Laboratory at the University. When Tange received the 1987 Pritzker Prize, the jury citation acknowledged Tange to be an inspiring teacher and noted that Arata Isozaki was one of the well-known architects who studied with him. Isozaki honed his own ideas about Postmodernism with Tange. After school, Isozaki continued an apprenticeship with Tange for nine years before establishing his own firm in 1963, Arata Isozaki Associates. Isozakis first commissions were public buildings for his hometown. The Oita Medical Center (1960), the 1966 Oita Prefectural Library (now an art plaza), and the Fukuoka Sogo Bank, Oita Branch (1967) were experiments in concrete cubes and Metabolist concepts. The Gunma Museum of Modern Art (1974) in Takasaki City was a more high-profile and refined example of his previous work and the beginning of his museum architecture commissions. His first US commission was in Los Angeles, California, the Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) in 1986, which led Isozaki to become one of Walt Disneys architects. His design for the Team Disney Building in Orlando, Florida (1990) put him on Americas Postmodernist map. Arata Isozaki is known for using bold, exaggerated forms and inventive detailing. The Art Tower Mito (ATM) in Ibaraki, Japan (1990) bears this out. An otherwise subdued, low-level arts complex has at its center a shiny, metallic array of triangles and tetrahedrons rising over 300 feet as an observation deck to the cultural buildings and the Japanese landscape. Other notable buildings designed by Arata Isozaki Associates include the Sports Hall, Olympic Stadium in Barcelona, Spain (1992); Kyoto Concert Hall in Japan (1995); Domus Museum of Mankind in La Coruà ±a, Spain (1995); the Nara Convention Center (Nara Centennial Hall), Nara, Japan (1999); and the Weill Cornell Medical College, Qatar (2003). In Chinas 21st-century building boom, Isozaki has designed the Shenzhen Cultural Center (2005), the Hezheng Museum of Natural History (2008), and with Yasushisa Toyota hes finished Shanghai Symphony Hall (2014). Well into his 80s, Arata Isozaki took on the CityLife Project in Milan, Italy. Along with Italian architect Andrea Maffei, Isozaki completed  the Allianz Tower in 2015. With 50 floors above the ground, Allianz is one of the tallest structures in all of Italy. The modern skyscraper is stabilized by four buttresses. It was possible to use more traditional techniques, Maffei told designboom.com, but we preferred to emphasize the mechanics of the skyscraper, leaving them exposed and emphasizing them with a gold color. New Wave Styles Many critics have identified Arata Isozaki with the movement known as Metabolism. More often, Isozaki is seen as the catalyst behind the imaginative, Japanese New Wave architecture. Beautifully detailed and composed, often conceptually powerful, the buildings typical of this avant-garde group are strongly single-minded, writes Joseph Giovannini in The New York Times. The critic goes on to describe the design of MOCA: Pyramids of various sizes serve as skylights; a half-cylinder barrel roof covers the library; the main forms are cubic. The galleries themselves have a visual stillness about them that is particularly Japanese....Not since the French architectural visionaries of the 18th century has an architect used solid geometric volumes with such clarity and purity, and never with his sense of playfulness. (Joseph Giovannini, 1986) Learn More Arata Isozaki by Arata Isozaki and Ken Tadashi Oshima, Phaidon, 2009Japan-ness in Architecture, essays by Arata Isozaki, MIT Press, 2006The Museum of Modern Art, Gunma by Arata Isozaki, Phaidon, 1996New Wave Japanese Architecture by Kisho Kurokawa, Wiley, 1993 Sources Metropolitan Museum of Art; Modern Architecture by Kenneth Frampton, 3rd ed., TH 1992, pp. 283-284.Arata Isozaki: From Japan, A New Wave of International Architects by Joseph Giovannini, The New York Times, August 17, 1986 [accessed June 17, 2015]Interview with Andrea Maffei on the Realization of Milans Allianz Tower by philip stevens, designboom, November 3, 2015 [accessed July 12, 2017]

Marketing Strategy Analysis - Landsloterij - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2760 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Table of Contents 1INTRODUCTION 2BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3PROBLEM DEFINITION 4MARKETS ANALYSIS 5The S.W.O.T analysis 5.1Strenghts 5.2Weaknesses 5.3Opportunities 5.4Threats 6MARKETING STRATEGY 6.1Marketing objectives 6.2Financial objectives 7MARKET SEGMENTATION 7.1Geographics 7.2Demographics 7.3Behavior factors 7.4Target markets 8CONCLUSION 8.1RECOMMENDATION 9References. . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Marketing Strategy Analysis Landsloterij" essay for you Create order 1 INTRODUCTION For the purpose of this paper regarding the module of Strategic Marketing for the course Master Business Administration, a local company or industry Marketing Strategy must been analyze. I had chosen to analyze the Marketing Strategy of the Landslotterij N.V., to determine what the Marketing Strategy uses are. To be able to analyze the Marketing Strategy of Landslotterij it is important to understanding what type of organization The Landslotterij N.V is. The Landslotterij N.V is a lottery game that does not require specific knowledge, unlike other gambling activities like sports betting or casino table games. Tickets are relatively inexpensive and can be purchased at a large number of retail on street or store. This simple, cheap and widely accessible nature makes lottery gambling much more popular than other forms of gambling and therefore lottery participation rates are expected to be higher than for other types of gambling. Although the basic rules are the same, modern lot teries include many different formats and may be known by different names in different countries. The main lottery formats are: draw (passive) lotteries, where tickets are pre-numbered and prizes are set in advance, so the role of the player is limited to of numbers which are entered into the draw and winners are determined by a randomly determined set of numbers. In Curacao we know Landslotterij as a National Lottery in the word of mouth à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“biechià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  that is be operate by the government. Ticket are be sold by more than 800 resellers, with their daily present in the street, neighborhood and store of Curacao, The Landslotterij has become a phenomenon that is familiar to everyone. In order to conduct this assignment the Marketing Strategy of the Landslotterij has been analyze base on the following points: Segmentation, Targeting Positioning The 8 P`s The problem statement that we will address in this paper is as follow; To what extent does Landslotterij perform in a modern marketing? The findings of this assignment will mention in the conclusion and recommendation. The Landsloterij N.V. Mission is as Follow: The Landsloterij N.A. is a market-driven organization with pro-active and innovative marketing strategy, has highly skilled and motivated staff to continually improve the organization and its service to the public. The aim is to gain new customers and maintain its current customers. The revenues should be allocated to support social projects for the development and social well-being of the society. 2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION In the year 1797 the National Lottery was founded under the administration of the De Veer. Due to lot of problem and lack of interest the National Lottery was discontinued. In the 19th century the raffling became a popular phenomenon in Curacao. So the National Lottery was an issue. The National Lottery that we know in Curacao as Landslotterij in the new era was founded in 1949. The governments had implements tax and regulation act to regulated the gambling on the islands of the of former Nederlands Antilles (Gibbes, F.E., Ree-Zimmerman van, C.A., Soriwaner, M.A. 2007). According to Clotfelter, C. and Cook, P. (1987) Lottery can be describe as a gambling based on the drawing of lots, or random numbers, to determine the winner of a prize. Nowadays Lotteries has spread in all over the world. The biggest lottery operations are in Europe, namely Spain United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland and in the most states of the US. The governments operate the lottery, the large sums extracted f rom consumers can be regarded as an implicit tax on those who choose to gambling. Since lotteries exist all over the world, a large literature on economic aspects of lotteries has developed. Outside the United States, lottery dominates most gambling markets. In Spain the sales of lottery tickets surpassed 9.4 billion Euros in 2007; this represents over 94% of the revenues generated by games managed by the government in Spain and about a 30% of the all gambling expenditure in Spain (Humphreys, B., Perez, L. 2012). According to Trousdale, M. A., and Dunn, R. A. (2014) Lottery is an important and growing source of revenue for state, provincial, and national governments. Although the purchase of lottery tickets violates the premises of some economic models (risk aversion, expected wealth maximizing and rational behaviour) lottery probably is the most popular form of gambling in many countries. Risking small sums of money for the chance to win a very large prize attracts many play ers. So economic analysis provides information about whether the demand for lottery games responds to expected return, as maximizing behaviour predicts, or whether the remote chance of winning a life changing sum is the key feature players take into account. Lotteries can thus be analysed from either of two economic perspectives: as a source of public revenue or as a consumer commodity. Lin, E. S., and Shih-Ying, W. (2007) conclude that individuals consider direct contributions and indirect contributions via purchasing charitable lotteries as being complementary to each other based on a cross-sectional data set from Canada. Their results imply that direct contributions may increase with the popularity of charitable lotteries. Taiwan started its first charitable pari-mutual lottery on 16 January 2002, owing to widespread underground lotteries and the need for financial. The Marketing Strategy of Landslotterij N.V is the increase the average sales with at least 20% in the first year and second year and with 15% additionally in third year. The Landslotterij is the biggest supporter of ports charitable causes in the community. 3 PROBLEM DEFINITION To what extend does Landslotterij N.V performance in a modern Marketing Strategy Before address to this problem statement is important to recall the mission of Landslotterij . The Mission is as Follow: The Landsloterij N.A. is a market-driven organization with pro-active and innovative marketing strategy, has highly skilled and motivated staff to continually improve the organization and its service to the public. The aim is to gain new customers and maintain its current customers. The revenues should be allocated to support social projects for the development and social well-being of the society. 4 MARKETS ANALYSIS To analyze how the Landslotterij was performed on the business efficiencies a SWOT analysis was conduct. The Landsloterij is a so-called Public Law Entity, wherein all activities and personal resort under the jurisdiction of the Minister of Finance. The Landsloteriij was founded 1949 and started its operations at times of the Netherlands Antilles. Despite the constitutional changes, first with the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Status aparteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of Aruba (1986) followed by the dismantling of the Netherlands Antilles (2010), the Landsloterij has been able to continue its operations on all the six islands of the former Netherlands Antilles. The Landsloterij strives to maximize the revenues generated by its lotteries, with the aim to maximize the positive contribution to the social development of the local communities. Therefore the Landsloterij is the only lottery whose proceeds from ticket sales are used to finance socio-economic, charity, arts and science projects. The marketing concept of Landslotterij is one very reserve. Although the Landsloterij possesses great knowledge of its market. After all, it has been operating on this market for almost 66 years. Can be notice that Landslotterij have maintained the same market approach for the last 7 decades. The factors that lead to good or bad sales on the different islands are identified and acted upon. The target market has been primarily determined by the legislation of the former Netherlands Antilles. After the dismantling of the Netherlands Antilles the Landsloterij continued its operations on the islands. The Landsloterij has been able to continue its operations on these islands because they all adopted local lottery laws similar to the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Lansloterijlandsverordening 1949à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  applicable in times of the Netherlands Antilles. Landslotterij is not facing a direct competition of the same category of gambling on the local area. Where you can buy a ticket for a small amount of mone y and can win the millionaire prize. 5 The S.W.O.T analysis To get a better view how the Landslotterij was perform on the market, a S.W.O.T analysis has been conducted. 5.1 Strenghts The Landsloterij is a reliable and transparent organization meaning that there has never (or at least in recent memory) been any problem regarding to the payout of prizes. In addition the prizes are immediately available so that the winners are paid without any form of delays. On some of the Islands re-sellers do most of the ticket selling. Because the re-sellers are not in service of the Landsloterij, sales method offers all of the advantages of personal selling whilst having a deal whit none of the disadvantages. 5.2 Weaknesses The Landsloterijverordening sets very strict rules under which the Landsloterij has to operate. Therefore it limits the possibilities of price and prize adjustment as well as the introduction of new prizes and or new attractive forms of lottery. On the other islands not being CuraÃÆ' §ao the Landsloterij is too dependent of the depot holders and their motivation to induce (more) sales. 5.3 Opportunities The government recently has launched e serious attack on all forms of illegal lottery. Thereby making the population aware of all sorts of illegal lottery (and gambling) and also sanctioning those who sell illegal forms of lottery The internet provide all kind of opportunities to make a more aggressive Marketing Strategy. 5.4 Threats Recently other forms of lottery are coming up on the market (e.g. Florida Lotto) Even though Landsloterij has no competitors of exactly the same type its competition comes from the gambling possibilities in general. This means that it has to look at the competition from a broad spectrum. The following are examples of the competition Landsloterij has to face: Wega di number Korsow (and thus all the lottery offices); Sports betting; Casino (specifically with regards to bingo); Lotto (Florida and Aruba) The Landslotterij only offers tickets, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“biechià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , at a reasonable price in a bi-weekly drawing. Special prizes are being offered, when someone loses the normal drawing. The buyer gets a second to win one special prize. 6 MARKETING STRATEGY In this section a description of the marketing strategy that The Landsloterij is aiming for the next three years will be given. The key to the marketing strategy is to focus on the sale of all of the 35.000 ticket produced. The Landslotterij is the only local national lottery and it targets different segment within the communities. Although each segment has its own characteristics and needs, the product offered by the Landslotterij, which is the chance to win a huge amount of money fascinates them. 6.1 Marketing objectives The marketing objectives of this marketing strategy are to achieve a steady increase in market penetration, retain the current resellers and consumers and to attract new resellers and new consumers. This will lead to higher profit, increasing the possibility for The Landsloterij to make more donations to the community. 6.2 Financial objectives The financial objective is to increase the profit by the increasing the sale with 20% within the 1st and 2nd year and 15% within the 3rd year. Maintain or increase budget destined for social contribution. 7 MARKET SEGMENTATION The profile for the typical buyer of a lottery ticket by the Landsloterij is a very complex one at varies substantially per target market. This variation is due to the size of but most importantly the (multicultural) constellation within the target markets and the changes this constellation has gone true during the years. 7.1 Geographics The geographic target area coincides with the target markets. This facilitates the approach because the marketing strategy can be easily costumed to the needs of the target and geographic markets. The markets can easily be reached true Internet, television and radio. The total targeted population is approximately 250.000 people. 7.2 Demographics There are no specific demographic aspects that must be taken into consideration. No research has been done on how many males and females buy the lottery tickets, therefore there is no clear difference between female and male lottery buyers. This aspect is the more or less the same on all the islands. Therefore no distinction will be made with regard to gender. The average targeted population is between 15 and 64 years old. In Curacao is this according to results of the 2011 Census produced by Central Bureau of Statistics (2012) was this approximately 66.7%. This covers both the young population and the older ones, who are current buyers. 7.3 Behavior factors Some resellers has many regular loyal buyers, who have the same number consistently at each drawing. There are also light buyers, who buy a ticket on occasion especially with the grand prizes of 1 million and half million. The behavior of the buyers is also influenced by the economic situation. The population of the islands of the former Netherlands Antilles has a very particular gambling culture, driven by a certain form of superstation in witch different life events are interpreted as signals and or predictions of the outcome of the lottery. This translates into the need to have a form of lottery which provides the possibility to win attractive prizes but also is reliable in the sense that one can be certain that won prizes are paid without unnecessary a due. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s important to realize that the person who buys the ticket sees the lottery as a means to fulfill his or her dreams. Thereby some aspects are very important: Transparency: participants have the need to see for themselves how the drawing is done in order to judge for themselves if this was done in a fair way; Consistency: participants appreciate the fact that the lottery is consistent meaning that the drawings take place as expected, there are no delays, that the tickets are easily assessable and that the prizes are paid according to what has been advertised; Chance (of winning): people are willing to buy tickets as long as they know that thy have a fair and real chance of winning the advertised prizes. 7.4 Target markets Lottery is being advertised and sold all around the globe. In the digital area in which we live nowadays it is very easy for every one with internet access to purchase a lottery number. The Landslotterij sells the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“briechià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  only in CuraÃÆ' §ao, Aruba, St. Maarten and the BES Islands. The total populations of all the islands are approximately 314,860. The advantage of the Landslotterij is that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“briechià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is sold on the local market meaning a greater possibility to win and the price can be claimed immediately by the winner. Furthermore, the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“briechià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  has become a part of our culture. The target market are current customers of approximately older than 45 years and the young professionals between 25 and 45 years. 8 CONCLUSION The Landslotterij has position itsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ self by using its experience in the industry and the charities it gives to the community. The Landslotterij uses consumers to resell the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“biechià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , which is a local attraction. The Landslotterij gives social contribution to the community. All of this on the contrary of their competitors. The Landslotterij is not using the modern technologies aggressively enough to reach new costumer and retain his customer 8.1 RECOMMENDATION The Landslotterij should create customer awareness over the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“briechià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and the profit gained, which in part will be used for social contributions to the community. The landslotterij should make use of their web-site, word by mouth, and advertisements on the social media. The Landslotterijshould advertisements more aggressively through tv-spots; jingles (radio), personal selling, billboards and newspapers. The landslotterij should raise the jackpot prize enable to attract more new buyer and hold the actual customers. 9 References. Borg, M. O., Stranahan, H. A. (2005). DOES LOTTERY ADVERTISING EXPLOIT DISADVANTAGED AND VULNERABLE MARKETS?. Business Ethics Quarterly, 15(1), 23-35. Blalock, G., Just, D. R., Simon, D. H. (2007). Hitting the Jackpot or Hitting the Skids: Entertainment, Poverty, and the Demand for State Lotteries. American Journal Of Economics Sociology, 66(3), 545-570. Gibbes,F.E, Ree-Zimmerman Van, C.A.,Soriwanee,M.A. (2007). A Real Passion 55 years of Landslotterij Curcao. Vol.1. Willemstad, Curacao: De Curacaosche Courant N.V. Humphreys, B., Perez, L. (2012). Network externalities in consumer spending on lottery games: evidence from Spain. Empirical Economics, 42(3), 929-945. Lin, E. S., Shih-Ying, W. (2007). Lottery expenses and charitable contributions Taiwans experience. Applied Economics, 39(17), 2241-2251. Perez, L., Humphreys, B. (2013). THE WHO AND WHY OF LOTTERY: EMPIRICAL HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE SEMINAL ECONOMIC LITERATURE. Journal Of Economic Surveys, 27(5), 915-940 . Trousdale, M. A., Dunn, R. A. (2014). DEMAND FOR LOTTERY GAMBLING: EVALUATING PRICE SENSITIVITY WITH IN A PORTFOLIO OF LOTTERY GAMES. National Tax Journal, 67(3), 595-619. Wagman, L., Conitzer, V. (2012). Choosing fair lotteries to defeat the competition. International Journal Of Game Theory, 41(1), 91-129. Page 1 | 10

Managerial Accounting in Managing Complex Organizations Research Paper

Essays on Managerial Accounting in Managing Complex Organizations Research Paper ï » ¿Managerial Accounting in Complex Organizations Contemporary developments in the organization and technology of manufacturing and in the deregulation of service industries are generating demand for entirely new approaches to cost accounting and managerial control. The traditional direct labor focus of most cost accounting systems has become obsolete in light of the much smaller ratio of labor to total manufacturing costs and the increased importance of capital costs and knowledge workers. Current research is exploring the initiatives of innovative organizations across a wide variety of industries to deal with these changes. The role of management accounting systems, including the use of multiple non-financial measures to supplement traditional profit and loss statements, is studied in relation to the firm's production, marketing and strategic goals. Accounting Data in Productivity Measurement and Strategic Decision Making As businesses strive to improve their profitability, it becomes vital to develop cost and profitability data that will support the firm's desire to promote their most profitable products and identify their most profitable market segments. Further, information needs to be collected and classified to ensure the firm's continuing commitment to enhanced productivity and adherence to budgeted performance. Research is focusing on the implications for a firm's cost accounting system of these demands for improved productivity and profitability measurements. Financial Reporting and Industrial Structure Discussions of financial accounting disclosure policy by regulatory bodies such as the S.E.C. and the F.A.S.B. are typically phrased in terms of the effect of such disclosure on the efficiency reporting firms is rarely considered because such effects are thought to be negligible. However, the information produced by a reporting firm is received by its competitors as well as investors. Recent research has studied the effect of different levels of mandated financial accounting disclosure on the behavior of the reporting firms. Of particular interest is whether the level of such disclosure increases the level of competition among the reporting firms, increases tacit collusion among them, or has no effect. These issues have been addressed using experimental markets. Empirical Evidence on the Relation of Accounting Information to Capital Market and Managerial Behavior Much work has studied the effect of publicly available information on the behavior of the stock market. One of the important sources of such information is the accounting data generated by a stream of recent research assesses how accounting information is processed in the capital market securities. Related research examines the capital income, cash flows, and accruals. This research focuses on the market properties of the components of accounting numbers such as information content and relative importance of one information cue vis-a-vis the others in pricing corporate securities. Another avenue of research evaluates the influence of managerial incentives and market/regulatory forces on managerial accounting choice decisions, such as accruals. Cash Flow Accounting and Its Structure While investment decisions are based on cash flow forecasts their consequences are evaluated on the basis of current earnings, which include many non-cash adjustments like depreciation. Such non-cash items are often quite subjective and susceptible to corporate discretion. It seems both feasible and desirable to build an accounting system that excludes such non-cash items, and is capable of providing a profitability indicator that is useful for performance evaluation. In this research, new concepts and measurement techniques are developed in order to construct such a system. Delegating the Choice of the Financial Accounting Method It is usually observed that shareholders delegate the choice of the financial accounting method to managers, and that the latter's compensation is at least partially based on the output of the chosen financial accounting method. But this seems to create incentives for managers to choose the financial accounting method in order to maximize their compensation, rather than to most accurately report the results of operations. Recent research addresses the question of why shareholders find this arrangement in their best interest. This research indicates that production distortions are created when the choice of the financial accounting method is delegated to either the manager or the shareholders. The delegation decision should therefore be based on minimizing these production distortions. This research establishes sufficient conditions under which it is optimal to delegate the choice of the financial accounting method to managers. The Returns to Monitoring and The Effect of Monitoring on Production and Allocation Distortions Much of the recent work in managerial accounting has been based on the principal-agent model in which managerial accounting systems are viewed as monitoring systems which produce information on which the principal (owner) and the agent (manager) base their contract. Recent research addresses whether the gross returns to monitoring are always concave, as they are assumed for other inputs, or whether they can be convex. It is found that the gross returns to monitoring an agent's private information can often be convex. In other words, the better the monitoring system, the more valuable it is to improve it. In addition, this research studies how improvements in a monitoring system affect the size of the production distortion and the excess return or rent earned by the agent on his private information. Collusion in Auditing Historically, auditing arose to overcome informational asymmetries between owners of resources and the managers who traded or transacted on their behalf. Therefore, the value of auditing depends crucially on whether the manager and the auditor collude. Recent research has studied a three-person problem consisting of an owner, a manager, and an auditor in which the latter two can collude against the former. The optimal owner-manager and owner-auditor contracts are characterized and the extent of distortion caused by the potential for collusion is studied. The optimal owner-manager contracts are similar to those found in the leasing of income producing assets such as retail space and mineral and oil deposits. In these instances, it is difficult for the owner to independently verify the amount earned by the asset and the manager can consume any amount not reported to the owner. Empirical Implications of Agency Theory and Their Impact On Management Control Systems Agency theory research focuses on the optimal contractual relationships among members of the firm, where each member is assumed to be motivated solely by sef-interest. Accounting researchers are interested in agency theory because it provides a model from which uses of managerial accounting information and managerial accounting systems can be derived and studies. Executive compensation contracts are important elements of management control systems and therefore, the compensation data can be used to empirically test the theoretical predictions of agency theory regarding the sensitivity of accounting based and non-accounting based performance measure to the total compensation package. A Contract Theory of Accounting and Control If organizations are seen as sets of contracts among economic agents who contribute resources and receive inducements in exchange, accounting and control systems can be seen as means of implementing and enforcing these contract sets. Various forms of accounting for a variety of organization types can be examined in terms of how they serve the following functions; (1) measuring the contribution of each agent; (2) determining and disbursing the contractual entitlement of each agent; (3) informing various agents about the extent to which other agents have fulfilled their contractual obligations and received their entitlement; (4) providing information to potential agents in order to maintain a liquid market for contractual slots or factor of production; and (5) providing a pool of common knowledge of verified information to all participants to facilitate negotiation and contract formation. This research examines various aspects of accounting practices and institutions in terms of this u nified economic model. Market for Information When asset markets reveal the private information possessed by the traders to other participants through price and other market variables, the ability of information produces to recover their cost through trading is attenuated. This research examines the complex interactions between, and equilibria in, the asset markets that reveal private information on one hand and markets for information on the other.

Consumer Society Is a Divided Society Free Essays

TMA 2 Consumption has great control on individual’s lives, the whole development, contemporary UK and the rest of the world. Consumer society is characterization used to explain a society that is defined by the way individuals acquire goods, how they use them and the disposal of these goods. (Hethering, 2009, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Society Is a Divided Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now 33). Consumption comprises of individual that acquire goods for personal use and those that acquire for manufacturing and resale. However Social Scientist comes in to try and analyse consumer behaviour when acquiring these goods. The question now is whether the consumer society is a divided society. Some view consumer society as divided society and others see it as a society that acquires goods for personal use and that reflects personality and individuality. For some consumer society is not only about purchasing good for essesntial use but also as a way of trying to get a sense of belonging in society. Social Scientist Zygmun possed a question on whether the ability to be part of a consumer society was equally available to everyone. (need referencing. )Bauman’s concept of seduced and repressesd consumers visualise inequalities and differences created by a consumer society. Bauman, claims that we live in a consumer society where divisions are entranched not by class, but by the economic ability to consume. (Hethering,2009,p. 25) Buman described the consumer society by dividing them into two group, the seduced and the repressed. The seduced being the weathy, highly paid professional. This group often run an expensive lifestyle, for example buying expensive houses, cars, designer clothes etc. The repressed as the ones that are not employed, on low paid jobs, the disabled and many others. Hethering,2009,p. 25). this concept in Bauman’s view reflects his understanding in consumer division. How to cite Consumer Society Is a Divided Society, Essay examples

Mountain Dew free essay sample

MOUNTAIN DEW: Selecting New Creative CASE STUDY SECTION A GROUP 5 Roll Numbers : FPM/04/005 (SUPRIYA K. K. ) PGP/14/005 (AMIT KUMAR) PGP/14/015 (ARITRA BASU ROY) PGP/14/025 (DEVARAJAN K) PGP/14/035 (KRISHNAN VR) PGP/14/045 (SAURABH MAHAJAN) PGP/14/055 (TANOY DHAR) Issues identified: 1. â€Å"Do the Dew† campaign was more than 8 years old. 2. Ads were becoming too predictable and repetitive. 3. Use of alternative sports was becoming predictable. 4. Increase in competition amongst CSD and non CSD categories. Increase in ad budgets by Competitors. Recommendations: Based on the analysis our recommendations for the AD’s to be selected for broadcasting at the Super Bowl are * Cheetah * Mock Opera The recommendations for broadcasting throughout the year 2000, based on the criteria listed above are, * Cheetah * Mock Opera * Showstopper Analysis: The STP Identified by the Mountain Dew Management for the financial year 2000:Objective: Expand appeal of Mountain Dew to new users while reinforcing it among current usersPositioning: To 18 year old males, who embrace excitement, adventure and fun, Mountain Dew is the great tasting carbonated soft drink that exhilarates like no other because it is energizing, hirst-quenching, and has a one-of-a-kind citrus flavor. We will write a custom essay sample on Mountain Dew or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Communication Strategy:   Symbolize that drinking Mountain Dew is an exhilarating experience. Target: Male Teens—18 year-old epicenter * Ensure appeal amongst 20-39 year olds (current users) * Drive universal appeal (white, African-American, Hispanic, and other ethnic) Product Benefits| Emotional Benefits| Personality | Energizing| Exhilaration| Irreverent| Quenching| Excitement| Daring| Great Taste| | Fun| | possible choice of ads, before Pepsico for the superbowl * Labor of Love * Cheetah Ad * Dew or Die * Mock Opera * Showstopper 3 to be chosen among the above 5 above which would enable Pepsico to project its new positioning while at the same time maintaining it existing users. Decision filters used to evaluate brand communications: 1. Market research carried out to assess brand health (KPIs) measures 2. Unofficial sources of information like websites, talk shows and other mass media 3. Official sources like brand’s 800 number and Mountain Dew website Evaluation of 5 Ad Campaigns: Labor of Love Pros * Conveys irreverence for rules * Consistent with humorous ad image Cons * Does not conveys product benefits * Involves risk in terms of alienating the existing consumers, especially during the Super Bowl. * Target positioning not clear * Humor may be taken in bad taste especially those with kids * Inconsistent with the brand STP Cheetah Ad Pros Consistent with the Dew Dudes image of wild, athletic, young and adventurous * Conveys exhilaration, excitement, daring and fun so consistent with the new positioning adopted * Focus on overall image perception of the consumer, no specific sport highlighted * Consistent with the Super Bowl energy and excitement * Potrayal of Cheetah will convey an universal imagery of energy ,athleticism which can appeal to all sections in the youth population (African Americans, Hispanics ,Whites and other ethnic). * Brings out the produc t benefit, like taste Consistent with the brand STP Cons * Like extreme sporting action, almost on similar lines with previous ads. Showstopper Pros * Cashes on the retro phenomenon * BMX riders and skate boarders represent fun, wild and athletic * Consistent with the brand STP Cons * Dew Dudes image not consistent * Does not convey excitement and exhilaration Mock Opera Pros * Conveys irreverence with the parody * The athletic action relates to the present Dew image * Consistent with the brand STP Cons * Does not convey exhilaration as much as previous extreme sport ads Dew or Die Pros Consistent with Dew Dude image showcasing exhilaration, daredevilry, excitement and fun * Showcasing competitive spirit Cons * Loses on product benefit attributes * Cliched ad, low on creativity, will not appeal much to the target audience * Inconsistent with brand STP The decision filters used by us: 1. Target positioning being followed a. Universal consumer appeal across different ethnic groups b. Leveraging and developing further on the strengths of the brand image c. Ensuring brand consistency with the existing consumers 2. Consistency of the ad with the product benefits, emotional benefits and personality

The Scarlet Letter Essay Summary Example For Students

The Scarlet Letter Essay Summary The Scarlet Letter, a story of the diffficulties faced by Hester Prynne in committing adultery, is pertinent to today’s teenage mothers in particular. The Scarlet Letter teaches one to face the responsibilities and consequences of his or her decisions. It shows the perspective of the commonly misunderstood people. The novel shows that the hardships and capability of teenage mothers. The Scarlet Letter is an inspiring novel which teaches to make the best of any situation and be strong. Hester Prynne commits adultery with Dimmesdale while her husband is in another country. Dimmesdale is a minister and fears slaughtering his reputation by making it known that he is the father of their child, Pearl. If Hester reveals the father, she may take the scarlet letter off, otherwise she must wear it for life. Honorably, Hester will not reveal his identity. As a result, she becomes the symbol of sin. â€Å"When strangers looked curiously at the scarlet letter-and none ever failed to do so-they branded it afresh into Hester’s soul; so that, oftentimes, she could scarecly refrain, yet always did refrain, from covering the symbol with her hand. We will write a custom essay on The Scarlet Letter Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Teenage mothers receive many stares. It’s difficult to help from staring at a teenager mother with her baby. Some teenage mothers might feel embarassed at this, as Hester does. People can be very judgemental. The Scarlet Letter reveals how people may judge a teenage mother in a wrong way. â€Å"Lonely was Hester’s situation, and without a friend on earth who dared to show himself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As a consequence for her sin, Hester becomes an outcast from society. Her reputation diminishes and she no longer has a social life. Many teenage mothers are forced to give up their childhood and don’t have much time for a social life. They have to care for someone else now. Most mothers sacrifice sports and time for homework in order to care for their child. Today’s society might say all people are equal and no one is an outcast. Unfortunately, many people are misjudged and not given a chance; like Hester, whom no one would be associated with. Even while applying for jobs or to colleges, teenage mothers are treated differently. ecause they have a child, people believe they can’t take on serious responsibilities. Hester feels as if her sin will affect the way Pearl is raised, â€Å"Day after day, she looked fearfully into the child’s expanding nature; ever dreaming to detect some dark and wild peculiarity, that should correspond with the guiltiness to which she owed her being. †Ã‚   This shows Hester’s fear of being incapable to raise a child after committing a sin. Many teenagers might feel insecure as mothers. They are learning that their actions will affect their child’s. Teenage mothers might feel as if they are depriving their kids, since they are young and inexperienced. † ‘Woman, it is thy badge of shame! ’ replied the stern magistrate. ‘ It is because of the stain which that letter indicates, that we would transfer thy child to other hands. † This shows the responsibity and good which can come from being a teenage mother. They can show their children the consequences of having a child at a young age. They can tell their children, firsthand, the problems which are faced. â€Å"Do you see that woman with the embroidered badge? It is our Hester-the town’s own Hester-who is kind to the poor, so helpful to the sick, so comforting to the afflicted! †Ã‚   This qoute shows that no matter what, there can always be a brighter future. Teenage mothers may have to work harder to attain a good reputation and be successful; bu it is very possible. It shows that good things can come out of any situation. The Scarlet Letter shows the obstacles and consequences which teenagers must face. Hester’s situatuion is applicable to teenage mothers. Many teenagers feel the isolation from society and the false judgments made by people. .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac , .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac .postImageUrl , .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac , .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac:hover , .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac:visited , .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac:active { border:0!important; } .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac:active , .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueb0bd216803da010edfe1899b657e6ac:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Meet Carl Robinson, he is a 13-year-old student at St. Mark's School in North London EssayThese teenagers might be inspired by Hester’s story. â€Å"until, on the threshhold of the prison door, she rfepelled him, by an action marked with natural dignity and force of character, and stepped into the open air, as if by her own free will. † Hester’s acceptance of her punishment and her pride teaches teenage mothers a valuable lesson they might commonly forget. Whatever the consequences may be, they should face them boldly and independently. Also, no matter how society treats them, they should be brave and have pride in themselves.