Causes of the Little India Riots

Reasons for the Little India Riots Presentation In December 2013, a disturbing episode hit Singapore and stunned the whole world. Paper, gives an account of it spread over the globe. This occurrence is no other than the Little India’s Riot. The seriousness of this issue had sent various messages to the various networks in Singapore. For example, the legislature understood the need to investigate the issue of transient laborers, Singaporeans biased generalization of these vagrant specialists exacerbate and transient laborers conceivably losing a spot where they can get the opportunity to appreciate the sense plainness that they missed beyond all doubt. Henceforth because of this profoundly talked about episode in Little India, I have chosen to investigate Little India and the pressure that was developed among the occupants and the transient laborers there. Before this episode, in view of an exploration by T.C. Chang (2000), a large portion of the underlying disappointments originated from the non-Indian people group living in Little India. (Chang, 2000) However, the consequence of the mob had started off expanding worries from the Indian inhabitants too. The mob didn't happen because of the pressure developed however it absolutely amplified the worries inhabitants have on the transient specialists and their reality. In this paper, we will take a gander at the historical backdrop of Little India and the current circumstance, trailed by the purposes behind the transient workers’ social occasions lastly the reason for these strain developed to give a superior picture on how the co-nearness of vagrant laborers and occupants made pressure. Notwithstanding, preceding that, I might want to present certain topographical terms that will be utilized all through this paper which are mostly, space, spot and personality. Space in geology is frequently utilized in doing spatial examination. There are numerous meanings of room accessible in the various written works. Be that as it may, with regards to this paper, we will be taking a gander at Cognitive Space. Subjective Space is frequently utilized when space is molded by human’s qualities and thinking. It is limited by settings which contains the characters and relations individuals have with it. Thus, neither space nor spot can exist without each other. (Agnew, 2011; Furland, 2008; Mazã ºr Urbã ¡nek, 1983; Horodniceanu, n.d) According to Edward Relph’s book named Place and Placelessness (1980), he characterized place as â€Å"fusions of human and nature request and are the critical focuses of our quick encounters of the world†(p. 141). All together words, place is some place where an individual or gathering has a solid feeling of connection to, making a feeling of personality with the spot. (Monnet, 2011; Hauge, 2007; Tuan, 200 1; Seamon, 1996; Relph, 1980) to put it plainly, space, spot and personality are regularly interlinked and one couldn't exist without another. Having said that, with a concise prologue to these key terms, we will proceed onward to investigate the issue referenced. History of Little India Little India isn't exactly similar to how it is named. It was never an assigned ethnic enclave, overwhelmed by one specific network, not at all like Chinatown. Be that as it may, under the advancement of Singapore and the cows exchanging industry the mid-1800s in Little India, it had pulled in numerous Indian merchants and workers coming into Little India and in the long run settling down there. The expanding development of the Indian populace during the nineteenth and twentieth century prompted the various social and strict tourist spots, for example, Hindu sanctuaries that can in any case be watched today. By at that point, Little India was ruled by the Tamil-talking south Indians. The business and retail exercises provided food explicitly to this particular network developed quickly. Despite the fact that it was dominatingly involved by the Indians, there were Chinese and Eurasians occupants also. Subsequently, Little India is considered have a multi-ethnicity populace and not sim ply the Indian people group. The assorted variety of populace is exhibited through the wide cluster of love puts in the territory taking into account the various networks and religions which can be found as building milestones in Little India today. (Chang, 2000; URA, 1995; Wong, n.d) Current circumstance Quick forward to today’s setting, it is certain there has been an expanding pattern in the quantity of vagrant specialists coming into Singapore looking for openings for work. In light of the measurements acquired from the Ministry of Manpower Singapore, the quantity of work grants gave for the development business expanded from 180,000 as of December 2007 to 306,500 in June 2013 (Ministry of Manpower, 2013). The quantity of remote laborers working in the development business had expanded by near 40% as of the figure in 2007. You may be asking why the accentuation on vagrant laborers in the development business. This is on the grounds that huge level of them originated from South Asian and shared a comparative culture of the Indians. In that capacity, Little India turned into a spot where they accumulate during the ends of the week, changing over open and private spaces in their own diaspora third spaces. (Yew, 2014) Their quality had likewise caused a verifiable change in the scene of Little India. For example, Bengali is currently the second generally broadly observed and communicated in language in Little India. There are additionally expanding quantities of Bengali eateries selling Bengali cooking styles and even retail shops selling Bengali items set up along the roads of Little India. The attributes of a road in South Asian can be seen moved into the avenues of Little India, supplanting huge numbers of Little India’s own special qualities. (Yew, 2014) This procedure of spot making is otherwise called personalization. It alludes to putting a particular blemish on a spot and it tends to be as physical changes or attitudinal changes. For this situation, we can see that the impact of these transient specialists had made both substantial and immaterial types of personalization on Little India. (Garcia, 2012) The bit of personalisation further tempt them into visiting Little India as dependent on the article â€Å"Home away from Home† by Th e Straits Times (2013), Little India gives them the feeling of plainness, which they had deserted to look for openings for work in Singapore. It is additionally assessed that the quantities of transient laborers going to Little India on Sundays can hit more than 30,000. Reasons This expanding pattern had made pressure develop among them and the inhabitants making an insider-untouchable division in Little India. (Chang, 2000) An insider alludes to somebody that has a feeling of social having a place and is adjusted to fit the space while an outcast, is somebody who doesn't feel had a place and feels socially strange. Agreeing the Edward Relph (1980), there are various types of insideness and outsideness. With regards to Little India, the occupants themselves take up the way of life as existential insiders. It is just workable for individuals who live in that place and had built up a solid feeling of having a place and character with it. The transient specialists then again are coincidental outcasts whereby the spot was only a setting where they have their exercises at. (Relph, 1980) because of the concurrence of these two networks in a single spot, one as an insider and the different as an outcast, a division will follow in light of the diverse significance the spot plays for them. Inhabitants, as insiders, will esteem the spot considerably more than the vagrant laborers as the spot gives them a feeling of having a place, connection and personality and assumed a significant job in their day by day lives as it is where they live and play. The transient laborers then again may just allude Little India as a spot for them to accumulate throughout the ends of the week as it gives them the feeling of unattractiveness. (Chan et al., 2013) Therefore, on account of various significance Little India plays for the distinctive network, certain practices or activities completed by the â€Å"outsiders† in it might be regarded as unsuitable by the â€Å"insiders†. The unacceptance of the activities thus makes a pressure develop between the two. What's more, the feeling of insideness and having a place the inhabitants had of Little India additionally depicted an understood sense that they qualified more rights for the space contrasted with the â€Å"outsiders† and that these open spaces ought not be â€Å"owned† by the â€Å"outsiders† during the ends of the week. Be that as it may, nobody very claims these open spaces. (Yew, 2014) Hence, because of these bias responsibility for of the occupants and the pressure developed extra time, these regular spaces where these vagrant specialists will in general successive in huge numbers were built into social issues as their endeavors in recovering of open spaces. (Yew, 2014; Chang, 2014; Berlenger et al. 2012; Garcia, 2012) The expanding pattern of strain develop could be seen from the expanding quantities of reports on the grumblings occupants had held up on the vagrant specialists in light of their offense. The majority of the inhabitants met voiced that the nearness of these transient laborers was a significant issue that ought to be taken a gander at. Many whined of their unruliness under void decks, standing around and even professed to feel risky. This is particularly so after the ongoing uproar that happened in Little India in December 2013. (Yippee, 2013; Lee, 2013; Gan, 2011; Chang, 2014) In any case, I feel that other than the insider-untouchable polarity inside Little India between the occupants and vagrant laborers, the idea of â€Å"othering†, the minimization of transient specialists in Singapore is profoundly appropriate to the purpose behind pressure develop too. (Rubdy Mckay, 2013; Vincent et al., 2006) Migrant specialists coming into Singapore has consistently been viewed as a â€Å"other† on Singapore scenes and were minimized by society. The biased generalization the overall population had of the transient specialists regularly partner it with the 3’Ds which are grimy,

Ethics of Freezing and Buying Eggs

Morals of Freezing and Buying Eggs $15,000 child is a fascinating case to consider for me, I have a ton of individual sentiments on this and I am going to attempt to put aside some of them so as to have a new point of view, I do notwithstanding, see myself being extremely predisposition on this subject in the first place so I am sorry early and furthermore you may get familiar with some stuff about me in this paper. To the extent the particular advantage of freezing eggs, I don't think this is an advantage human services associations ought to think about contribution in any capacity. To begin with, I think it will be too exorbitant to even consider providing for females who really need the technique done.ã‚â Second, I dont figure numerous ladies will nibble on this offer, particularly since there is such a low possibility of really imagining along these lines. On the off chance that you take a gander at age alone, and IVF, the rates get lower as they get more seasoned as odds of origination at any rate. Taking a gander at the IVF medications that utilized new undeveloped organisms from non-benefactor eggs, the quantity of ladies younger than 35 who conceived an offspring utilizing IVF was about 40%, contrasted and just 31% for ladies between the ages of 35 and 37. Just 3.9% of 42-year-olds got pregnant because of IVF treatment. (Christensen, 2014) I think it is a squandered advantage when there are different concentrations here that could be utilized as an advantage. I do imagine that including benefits for working mothers to remain at home longer would be extraordinary, or selection help for the individuals who cannot get pregnant at all or even IVF for the individuals who battle to get pregnant. To make this a little close to home I will really expound on myself and battles with barrenness. I was hitched for a long time to an Australian person preceding my present relationship. We had attempted four of the five years endeavoring to get pregnant. It at last cut off our association. After v arious fruitfulness pro and a huge number of dollars we discovered it was the mix of both of us together. So we investigated the following stage of having children, which for us, was IVF. Not exclusively did our protection not spread IVF they didn't cover any of the richness authority either. So we chose to go the reception course which additionally was using cash on hand. We concurred that our qualities werent so better that we had than make a child in a test tube when there were such a large number of children out there requiring homes. The last class we took as a necessity for selection my ex concluded that not exclusively did he not have any desire to embrace, he was likewise finished with the relationship. Clearly it was not intended to be and I am in the best spot ever because of that choice and I have no second thoughts of any of it, I have a stunning 7-month old infant now and things turned out to be the manner by which they should. Notwithstanding, that battle to me is very genuine. I will never comprehend this being an advantage and a chance and not barrenness master, IVF, appropriation, and so on. I do know there are organizations that exist that do have a portion of these advantages. Which is fabulous. Nonetheless, the ones contribution this advantage in my eyes it benefits just a single individual and that is the organization. They are offering to offer ladies the chance to concentrate on their vocation as opposed to a family to profit the organization themselves. So they dont need to stress over maternity leave from top entertainers or ladies stopping and failing to come back. I can comprehend the managerial point of view of this and I attempt to take a gander at it with a receptive outlook and without passionate reasoning. Nonetheless, I return to the point that in the event that they are so ready to assist ladies with broadening their time of mother hood yet not ready to aid them turning into a mother in different manners then it truly isn't an advantage for ladies, particularly most of ladies. In the event that the DHHS commands these advantages I figure the effect on organizations would be noteworthy. To begin with, it will be exorbitant. The demonstration of IVF alone is around $10,000 for one attempt and there are various couples who might make the most of this chance. The normal expense of one IVF treatment in the United States is $12,400, and that is without the additional medications the couple may require, as indicated by the American Society of Reproductive Medicine. Frequently, couples will require more than one treatment to consider. (Christensen, 2014) If they make the most of the open door the subsequent stage would be the measure of ladies ready to get pregnant now that were not previously, taking maternity leave and potentially in any event, leaving the place of employment field. The advantages to egg freezing be that as it may, would be extremely useful to a great deal of organizations. Particularly for the ladies who are determined worker, organization chan ging, inventive distinct advantages for the organizations. They would prefer not to place a slow down in that or have them change or far more detestable, leave for mother hood. I can let you know from individual experience that so far in my childs 7 months of life, my perspective is totally extraordinary. Not in any case just on a passionate or consistent sense yet in the manner that my cerebrum actually doesn't work the manner in which it did previously. I feel obfuscated, slow to talk rather than clever as I was previously, occupied, depleted, and so forth. My cerebrum truly doesn't fill in as fast and I feel foggy now and again as though I have stupefied. I had heard the term pregnancy cerebrum on and off again all through my pregnancy however then discovered that it truly kicks in after you have had a child and you are just getting 3-4 hours of rest a night aggregate for even the initial 7 months. I realized however this will in general wear off and leave following a year, and s ome of it sticks until the end of time. With the entirety of that stated, ladies having babies in a place of intensity or development, could cause unexpected negative impacts for the organization they work for. So I can comprehend needing to postpone parenthood until your profession is settled and flourishing. There would likewise be an effect on the medicinal services industry here. The expense of these techniques are high, yet on the off chance that the organizations are paying for them in the first place it will cause a drive in the measure of individuals looking for proposals administrations, subsequently, flexibly and request changes and possibly the expense of these administrations may in the long run go down. We would likewise have more ladies having babies. specialists at these facilities performed 165,172 systems, including IVF, with 61,740 infants conceived because of those endeavors in 2012. (Christensen, 2014) The effect on governmentally commanded paid family leave, FMLA would be over the top expensive. Individuals use FMLA consistently. At some random time, 10.7% of the U.S. workforce is on FMLA leave. Truth is stranger than fiction, as indicated by FMLA Sources investigation, one in each 10 workers is taking FMLA leave at this moment. What's more, that is the normal in certain enterprises the number is far more noteworthy. For instance, in human services associations and call focuses, the quantity of individuals on FMLA leave at a given time is as much as 30%. (Schappel, 2015) If you put that in numbers, explicitly the human services framework it would at last fail and be nonexistent. It would change the way FMLA is given out in the social insurance industry too. I think right now doctors are merciful on marking FMLA desk work since it has no hindering impact on them in at any rate. Be that as it may, when it turns into a money related thing, the organizations could start to investigate suing doctors for giving FMLA when it isn't required. I figure it will likewise create an immense scene for organizations in the matter of having to payout FMLA for things that could have been forestalled, for example type two diabetes, lung disease from cigarettes, pregnancy, and so on. This may cause organizations and the social insurance industry to focus on prophylactic consideration considerably a greater amount of than it as of now is. There are parcel of morals required here for everybody in the gathering. I read an article composed for NY times that calls attention to a great deal of legitimate contentions with respect to why it could be unscrupulous to give this advantage to ladies. To begin with, animating womens ovaries and recovering eggs is a fourteen day clinical procedure that isn't without clinical hazard. Offering or elevating it to ladies who may never require it ought to be done circumspectly. Businesses may have good motives, yet no lady ought to experience a clinical strategy without exhaustive, educated assent got through conversation with a really target clinical professional㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ there are different costs, including yearly stockpiling expenses. these keen, youthful, rich specialists share a ton of qualities with perfect egg givers. At last, these unneeded eggs may wind up available. Furthermore, on the off chance that you dont work for Apple or Facebook, need to save your ripeness and ne ed to figure out how to pay for it, you may be offered an egg-sharing alternative. The entirety of this might be enticing for ladies, businesses and specialists the same, yet it raises genuine moral, educated assent and struggle regarding interest issues. (Crockin 2014) As she says, there are some genuine hazard in doing this, in addition to the results truly are not too encouraging. So morally you are putting ladies at higher hazard doing this technique with a guarantee of a child further down the road whenever practically the possibility is just at 30% that they become pregnant. So you are setting in a bogus expectation into ladies who in the end need to parent, they rely on you to offer these types of assistance so they can stand by to be mothers and afterward the opportunity arrives they decide to turn into a parent and their egg is a whole lot of nothing or doesnt take any of the occasions and afterward they have no kid all things considered. This would all be able to be pinpoi nted back to the business for luring them in any case. As a CEO I would truly think about the need for this advantage, regardless of whether I can't help contradicting it. A portion of the things I would be taking a gander at and considering are the level of ladies mentioning it. On the off chance that it is such a limited quantity of solicitation that the effect wont damage or help in any case, I would deny the inclusion and solicitation a gathering clarifying why I denied it as an inclusion however offer up a reserve funds plan set up that the organization would coordinate to a specific level of the investment funds along these lines all representatives would profit by some different option from one costly advantage offered out to choose not many. In the event that various ladies were keen on this procedure, I would figure ou

Book Riots Deals of the Day for October 13th, 2019

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Teen Pregnancy - 973 Words

Teen Pregnancy Speech Teen pregnancy rates sky rocket every year. 560,000 teenage girls give birth each year. One sixth of all United States births are to teenage girls. Teen pregnancy rates are soaring and many teenage girls are impacted negatively because they are unable to fulfill the many responsibilities such as education and financial needs. Something needs to be done to decrease the teen pregnancy rates. None of you will argue that teen pregnancy rates aren’t high. And all agree something needs to be done to bring these rates down. However, I am not sure who will actually try to make a difference. I am informing you how to decrease these rates and also persuading you to go out and help all the teens who are uninformed about†¦show more content†¦By not informing the teens now we are getting the teens into a tougher situation. I have shown you that if we do not inform teens now the teens will keep making the same mistakes as before. Why would informing teen decre ase the rates of teen pregnancy? Telling the teens the negative impacts of teen pregnancy on their lives is not such a hard thing to do. So we should all take advantage of this situation and let all the teens know the cause and effects of teen pregnancy. To inform teens it doesn’t mean you have to get a hold of every teen in the world. Even if you inform a small amount of teen it can have a big impact. One advantage of informing teens about negative s of teen pregnancy is in the future when they have kids they can also inform their kids, hopefully decreasing the rates of teen pregnancy in the future. Also, these teens will hopefully make better choices which will make them more confident about themselves. Teens will choose not to fall under social pressure and make better decisions. If none of this information impressed you, keep in mind making a difference even in one hundred teens out of thousands of teens lives can make a huge impact on what teens know and think about teen pregnancy. Just as some of us might not to be a pregnant teen, some of us also might not want to be a parent of a pregnant teen who feels she has made wrong choices and thinks of her child as a mistake. So we should all go out into ourShow MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy1426 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Teen pregnancy is often unplanned and challenging for the future life of mother and child. The increase risk of health problems for both mother and baby occur during teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy impacts adolescent development in all aspects: physical, emotional, cognitive, and social development. 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Or why is the teen birth rate in Massachusetts 19Read MoreTeen Pregnancy : Teenage Pregnancy1404 Words   |  6 PagesLauryn Jones Block 5 4/27/16 What is Teen Pregnancy? Teenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20. A girl can become pregnant from sexual intercourse after she has begun to ovulate which can be before her first menstrual period, but usually occurs after the onset of her periods. In well-nourished girls, menarche usually takes place around the age of 12 or 13. Most teenage girls don t plan to get pregnant, but many do. Teen pregnancies carry extra health risks to both the motherRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1057 Words   |  5 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a common thing here in America. It seems teens are getting pregnant more than the average married couple. There are some risk factors teen moms face and there is also another great turn outs. There is a major difference between the two. It’s important to tell teens the turnouts of teen pregnancy for the good and bad parts. There are risks of having sex, teen moms can make a difference for her and the baby, the risk of having HIV and/or any other STD’s, and the effects on theRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1341 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a prominent dilemma in our nation because it continues to place adolescents into delinquency. According to the United States Health and Human Services, three out of ten American teen girls will become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of twenty. That is nearly 750,000 teen pregnancies in a year (1) (HHS Pg.2 2014). Also according to U.S. Department of State, teen pregnancy budgets the United States and tax payers approximately seven billion dollars annually (2)Read MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1664 Words   |  7 PagesTerrazas English 4 Miss Stahlecker 4 November 2015 Teenage Pregnancy According to cda.org, in 2013, a total of 273,105 babies were born to women that were in between the ages of 15-19 years old. Teenage pregnancy is a major concern in today’s society. This paper will talk about teenage pregnancy, statistics, ways to prevent teenage pregnancy, and after birth options. So why is teenage pregnancy so important? Some people are concerned about teens getting pregnant at such an early age. There are otherRead MoreEffects Of Teen Pregnancy On Teens1643 Words   |  7 PagesEvery teen has dream about how they want to graduate from high school and then go to college, but some teens are not willing to take the challenge. Some of these teens want to drop out of high school and other teens want to keep furthering their education. For some there are obstacle that life throw at them to be able to accomplish their goals. Earning an education is challenging enough, but when there is a teen parent trying to finish their education it becomes more difficult than it would beRead MoreThe Effects Of Teen Pregnancy On Teens978 Words   |  4 Pagesare getting younger in age, and the birth rate is rising higher. Mississippi has the highest birth rates in teen pregnancy, and has held this title for the past few years. This problem has had such a rise to fame becau se this is a problem that can be prevented. Parents and communities should take action to help lower the teen pregnancy birth rate in Mississippi. Since the birth rate in teens is so high that means there is more need of government assistance. This becomes such a problem in states because

Who Is Lying to Us About Journal Article Review Apa?

Who Is Lying to Us About Journal Article Review Apa? Journal Article Review Apa Secrets That No One Else Knows About The very first reading of the report is vital, as it enables the reader to get in touch with the author of the short article to be reviewed. You ought to understand a report, and you have to jump on a message of the write-up. Only then you need to read the entire article. Also, show the method by which the short article supports its claims and compose the conclusion. An article review is a part of writing where you summarize and assess somebody else's article. It is a piece of writing where you summarize and assess another person's article. Thus, it should not merely focus on discussing what the article is about, but should reveal your personal ideas and opinions on the article. A superb article review implies that the writer reads the article several times to come up with a comprehensive comprehension of the content and its most important points. A crucial analysis is an entire sort of text dealing with a specific article or book in detail as a literature review a part of a broader kind of document. You might need to read the article a few times before you get a complete grasp of it. The critique section of the essay is organized into three key components, the coming of the field where the guide belongs and the wide problems. In case the thesis isn't stated in the write-up, it's your responsibility to figure it out yourself. Journal Article Review Apa Features For this reason, you ought to carefully assess the trustworthiness of each journal article you consider using. The fact it involves the important evaluation of the ideas that were presented in the guide, means it isn't just a summary. Take notes on just what the intention of the guide is, and whether the info presented is relevant. There are instances when students do not will need to use articles as the principal sources. Reviewing journal articles is the perfect means to find out more about a particular subject of interest and how research is conducted. Otherwise, you'll find the crucial information included in the article itself. As a scholar, you're predicted to be critical of your own research and ought to demonstrate the potential areas where the research might have improved. In lots of the social sciences, you're going to be requested to design and conduct your very own experimental research. The aim of assigning article reviews is to find the students knowledgeable about the works of the renowned specialists in a special field. Generally speaking, the body of your review ought to be written in a few paragraphs. If you believe you aren't, you need to get somebody else to do the appraisal for you. The goal of an article review is connected with values that the individuals attach to opinion from others about certain information in a particular field. Vital Pieces of Journal Article Revie w Apa The article gives an outline of acquiring patient's record related to nursing. For instance, a strong point might be the debut of new info, and a drawback might be the absence of accuracy in representing the current knowledge on the subject. Furthermore, it is also possible to indicate other evident and suitable info. Once more, a better analysis method might have been chosen dependent on the essence of the data collected. A Startling Fact about Journal Article Review Apa Uncovered You should consist of in-text citation in the principal body of the text accordingly. In case the write-up doesn't have any page numbers, omit the webpage range. The total reference for the report is put in proper format following your title. The material reviewed needs to be about the topic of your term paper, if that's a training course requirement.

My Interpretation of the Chrysanthemums Free Essays

My Interpretation of â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is one of John Steinbeck’s popular short stories. â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† represents inequality of gender, limitations, and feminism. The story is about a married woman living in the early 1900s who longs for a more exciting, meaningful existence. We will write a custom essay sample on My Interpretation of the Chrysanthemums or any similar topic only for you Order Now Elisa Allen is intelligent, accomplished, attractive, and ambitious. Yet she feels confined in her life and marriage. Steinbeck uses the world around Elisa to give the reader a comparison to her life. The story takes place in the Salinas Valley at her husband, Henry Allen’s, ranch in the foot-hills. Steinbeck opens the story up by describing to us how the fog closes off the Salinas Valley from the sky and from the rest of the world. â€Å"The high grey-flannel fog of winter closed of the Salinas Valley from the sky and from all the rest of the world† (438). This comparison shows how Elisa feels inside. Even her house compares to a prison. â€Å"Behind her stood the neat white farmhouse with red geraniums close-banked around it as high as the windows† (439). Elisa spends most of her days alone, behind her wire fence. She feels cut off from society. Elisa’s husband works as a successful rancher but doesn’t involve the smart and interested Elisa with the business of the ranch. In his eyes she belongs in the house or the garden. They don’t have an intimate relationship and it lacks any kind of romance. In the beginning of the story, she watches from a distance behind the wire fence as her husband talks with the men in suits but Henry does not invite her over. Elisa wants to travel and be free to do as she pleases but is suppressed by society because of her gender. She becomes intrigued when she meets a traveling repairman by his way of life. When Elisa expresses interest to him about his life, â€Å"It must be very nice. I wish women could do such things. † The wanderer tells her, â€Å"It ain’t the right kind of life for a woman† (445). Elisa feels a little off-put by his response and tries to argue with him. Elisa asks â€Å"How do you know? How can you tell? † He protests â€Å"I don’t know ma’am, of course I don’t know† (445). We are given the impression of strength and capability in Elisa. We can tell Elisa’s a good nurturer because of the way she tends her garden and keeps a clean organized home. Her chrysanthemums are the biggest healthiest chrysanthemums around. Despite all that she has no children. Elisa puts all of her motherly energy into her flowers to fill the void of childlessness. Henry makes the statement to Elisa how she could make anything grow. â€Å"You’ve got a gift with things, some of those yellow chrysanthemums you had this year were ten inches across. I wish you’d work out in the orchard and raise some apples that big† (439). I believe this represents Elisa’s fertility and Henry’s lack thereof. Steinbeck describes Elisa’s clothing in the beginning of the story as masculine. A man’s black hat pulled low down over her eyes, clod-hopper shoes, a figured print dress almost completely covered by a big corduroy apron with four big pockets to hold the snips, the trowel and scratcher, the seeds and the knife she worked with. She wore heavy leather gloves to protect her hands while she worked† (438-439). This de scription reflects her lack of sexuality. Shortly after she meets the traveler she begins to shed some of these items, like the gloves and hat. At first she feels irritated by the insistency of the man because she had no need for someone to repair her pots or sharpen her scissors. Her attitude changes toward him when he expresses interest in her flowers. The thought of her chrysanthemums shared with another part of the world makes Elisa feel like a little part of her might escape. Her demeanor suddenly changes. He makes her feel intellectually and physically stimulated. Her feminine sexuality awakens. She turns the conversation of the chrysanthemums into something sexual. â€Å"When the night is dark-why, the stars are sharp-pointed, and there’s quiet. Why, you rise up and up! Every pointed star gets driven into your body. It’s like that. Hot and sharp and lovely† (444). She completely surrenders herself to him as manifested by her kneeling before him â€Å"like a fawning dog† as she hands him the chrysanthemum shoots. But despite all that, the traveler holds no interest in her or her flowers. This symbolizes society’s rejection of women in the workforce no matter their talents. Elisa has hope of a more interesting life. She takes special care in dressing for dinner. She stares at herself naked in the mirror. She pokes her chest out and tightens her stomach. She puts on sexy lingerie and a dress that brings out her beauty. She puts make-up on. By Elisa looking more like a beautiful sexy woman, she is stepping into her femininity. When Henry gets home and starts dressing for dinner Elisa nervously waits on the porch for a reaction on her appearance from her passionless husband. â€Å"She looked toward the river road where the willow-line was still yellow with frosted leaves so that under the high grey fog they seemed a thin band of sunshine† (447). Sunshine symbolizes happiness, she’s slightly hopeful for some happiness in her life. When Henry walks out onto the porch he feels off-put by her appearance. She fishes for a complement. Henry tells her she looks strong and she comments back to him â€Å"I am strong. I never knew before how strong† (447). Before they leave Elisa goes into the house and takes extra care in putting on her hat and her coat, which I think is interesting because she doesn’t put on gloves so there is still a feeling of feminine sexuality there. She isn’t hiding herself like in the beginning of the story. As Elisa and Henry drive to town she sees a black speck in the road. She immediately knows what it is, her chrysanthemum shoots she had given the traveler. He tossed them out on the road. She feels betrayed by this man. He didn’t care about her flowers, he only wanted her money. Her hope dwindles. Elisa starts to step back into herself. This act symbolizes how society deems woman as unimportant just as how the traveler sees her flowers as unimportant. She then asks her husband if they could have wine with their dinner. She tries to satisfy some of her needs through this small act of abnormality. She then asks her husband about going to watch the men fight. Henry says he will take her but doesn’t think that she will like it and was unaware that she was interested in such things. Elisa asks if any women go to the fights, Henry tells her there are some that go. Elisa changes her mind because she understands that it is not acceptable for a lady in those times to watch such things. Now she could have gone to the fights, of course, but fear holds her back. I believe in that moment she loses hope for a brighter, more exciting existence. â€Å"She turned up her coat collar so he could not see that she was crying—weakly like and old woman† (448). Notice how she covers her body again. I think the assumption can be made by the last sentence in the story that Elisa’s life doesn’t become what she subconsciously hoped. She realizes her closed off, uneventful, lonesome way of living will continue. She grows old with this same unsatisfactory life, no children, passion, or exploration. â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is an interesting story because it was published in 1937 when a married woman’s only place in society was at home, yet it is unashamedly written in the point of view of the woman. This story was carefully written by Steinbeck so we as readers don’t condemn her for her actions. We could have felt that she was betraying her husband in a way by flirting with the wanderer. Instead we sympathize with her and understand her feelings, and why she does the things she does and feels the way she feels. It is almost like John Steinbeck could see into the future and what was to come. Did he see society’s unequal treatment of women and men? Did he feel that it was wrong to treat women as if they had no other use in society? I believe he did. He uses this story to show the society of that time the inequality of men and women, and the way it makes a woman feel. The reader reads this story and doesn’t even realize that what they are feeling is compassion for Elisa Allen because of limitations that are set on her and every other woman at that time. This story could have been a very strong political tool in its time for feminism. Bibliography Steinbeck, John â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† The Seagull Reader Stories. Ed. Joseph Kelly. 2nd ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 2008. 437-448. Print How to cite My Interpretation of the Chrysanthemums, Essay examples

Subjectivity and Gaze in Jane Eyre free essay sample

She found it in Jane Eyre, the story, the character, the protagonist, the heroine, the symbolism of female empowerment and one of the important literary character that has given power and significance to a previously marginalized and oppressed demography: women. Jane Eyre has been commended, applauded and re-read and reprinted for many years. Yet, the lasting charisma and relevance of the issues that Jane Eyre tackled and addressed was enough to guarantee that she will never be an anachronism in any life and era. Subjectivity and gaze are very important in defining the true essence of the significance and importance of the story.This is where one can find the reasons as to why it affects and appeals to the people in ways that allows it to be relevant, timeless and connected to socio-cultural issues. These two aspects are the main and focal points and areas of discussion and exploration to effectively dissect the literary merit of the novel Jane Eyre when it comes to subjectivity and gaze, in particular. We will write a custom essay sample on Subjectivity and Gaze in Jane Eyre or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. Jane Eyre In the many different novels and stories written in many different eras that managed to have the lasting appeal, Charlotte Bronte is responsible for the one of the novels that strongly touched the issues of women empowerment.She has been instrumental in evoking the consciousness in the pursuit of defining and even re-defining women empowerment, social equality, gender roles in the society and the significance of the life of women. Bronte will always be remembered by the literary world and the rest of the world as the woman who gave life and penned the story Jane Eyre. Jane Eyre was a story considered as the autobiography of a woman who spoke with power and without reservation, regardless of whether or not she is conforming to the norms.It is regardless whether she is poised to contribute significantly to the changing of the status quo and the tilting of the planes where men and women stood on polar position, originally predefined and pre-ordained by the previously strongly dominant male. Jane Eyre has the making of a story that will evoke strong emotions about women. She was a warrior and a survivor. She was a minority marginalized by the society and was shackled by tradition, practices and institutions designed to reflect bias against women. Jane Eyre, above everything else was heroine. As a story, it inspired women.As a character, Jane Eyre created the prototype of the woman that every other female aspired to be. Above all her strength, one stood out that is admired and envied by all: her ability to speak out, to say what she has to say about a life that has been supremely challenging and emotionally unnerving to the weak. Jane Eyre is a story of a womans journey in life, how she saw it, how she defined it, how she recorded it in her memory, without consideration to the natural editing tendencies of the society she lived in. Because of these aspects, Jane Eyre was loved, as a character and as a story.Literary analysts and critics saw it fitting to delve more through the pages of Jane Eyre so that they could further understand what the author and the character was trying to say, and do so more coherently. 2. Jane Eyre and the Gaze The analysis of the gaze in any literature always brings about the analysis and discussion of gender roles and structures in the society as represented in literary content and style. In gaze, one of the major components of the discussion and debate during literary analysis and criticism is the supposed power and dominance of male and the subjugation of the female and her perspective in narrative storytelling.It is being broken by the surfacing of authors and stories that challenge the traditional superior roles and places of men by putting forward stories which, in turn, empowers women and allows them to stand shoulder to shoulder with men. Because of its importance, the gaze is often part of the feminist literary analysis. According to Warhol and Herndl, Jane Eyre and Charlotte Bronte are evidences the idea that â€Å"the gaze holds powerful potential for a feminist poetics of the novel† (Warhol, Herndl 429).Bronte and Jane Eyre are important integral entities in the continued development of this pursuit. Jane Eyre as an individual has been an object of the gaze. According to literary analysts and critics like Sally Shuttleworth in her book â€Å"Charlotte Bronte and Victorian Psychology†, Eyre was able to use this particular gaze. This includes the condition wherein she is being viewed and seen by the society and is being observed – as a catapult towards achieving a sense of self awareness in the long run which will empower her (Shuttleworth 39).The power and control present in Jane Eyre as a story and as a character become more definitive when Jane Eyre displays the ability to change the oppressive gaze and use it to improve and empower herself. Jane Eyre develops a new consciousness that allows her to create a form of resistance towards traditional control forms and sources. â€Å"She comes to self-conscious awareness only through her sense of self as an object to an external eye, whose gaze she must nonetheless baffle if she is to retain integrity of selfhood† (Shuttleworth 39). 2. 1 Foucault, Gaze and Jane EyreMich el Foucault was one of the individuals who created the concept of the gaze which can be used for literary analysis, particularly for the novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte. According to Foucault, the gaze pertains to the ability of the individual to look past the superficial exterior covering to discover the underlying truth. This ability is something that is lifted from the exercise of observation (Shawver 15) of the subject of analysis. As how doctors would observe their patients to know the underlying truth in their health condition, so does the literary critic by observing a particular literature to reveal its underlying truth.This kind of gaze, which Shuttleworth also discussed via her idea of the penetrating gaze, is something that is believed to be present in Jane Eyre and in Brontes writings in general (Shuttleworth 39). Similar to the idea of Foucault (and taking also some key components in the idea of Bichat), Shuttleworth goes on to explain that the penetrating gaze is actually an effort to look at what is happening underneath the superficial bodily covering of the physical self as how physiologist will answer the query on physical health t ranscending the superficial and physical.It breaks apart and exposes â€Å"the opaque envelopes that cover our parts are no more for their practiced eyes than a transparent veil revealing the whole and the relationship between the parts† (Shuttleworth 39). The question now is, what is the underlying truth discovered in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre through the use of the gaze? 2. 2 Jane Eyre and the Returned Gaze Literary analysts and critics believe that one of the characteristics of Jane Eyre when it comes to the aspect of gaze is the novels featuring which is what E.Ann Kaplan refers to as the â€Å"returned gaze† (Kaplan 40). It was named as such because it was the person objectified in the past via the view of the ruling class who is now providing the perspective from which life is seen. This includes the life of the oppressors and former ruling group subjugating the oppressed. The returned gaze is the opposite of the imperial gaze. The imperial gaze defines the lives of those oppressed by the oppressor, based on the oppressors own perspective. It is a case of a superior entity defining the condition of those who are inferior to him or her. In the case of Jane Eyre, she is the person who is oppressed, not the oppressor. The novel allows her to narrate to the audience the condition of her life as well as the condition of the lives of her oppressor from her own point of view, which is an important and admirable characteristic in a novel. The oppressed is seen here as a character who is empowered nonetheless to define her or his life as how the person deems and perceives it to be, and is not dictated by the influence and power of the oppressor which is often the case in many literary materials.The returned gaze is important because it allows the individual freedom and autonomy to see themselves from a personal perspective. This is contrary to the restrictive and dictatorial imperial gaze, wherein the oppressed express, perceive and define their conditions based on how the oppressor sees it to be. The presence of the returned gaze in the novel Jane Eyre is yet another admirable mark in the novel especially from a feminist p oint of view because of its implications – not just literary implications but also social implications.More than being able to present ones life as an oppressed individual based on the own perspective of the oppressed, the individual is actually challenging the act of oppression, both in society and in literature (Waugh 514). â€Å"Returning the gaze of the oppressors can thus be seen as a challenge to oppression, a claim of equality† (Waugh 514). For most of her life, Jane Eyre was the one oppressed. This is seen in the life of Jane Eyre from childhood to adulthood. While with the Reeds and during her life at Gateshead, Jane was oppressed and abused by her aunt and her cousins.During her education at Lowood School, Jane was again the target of oppression among many of the students, teachers and school administrators. When she became a governess at Thornfield Manor, the actions of Mr. Rochester (i. e. his lying about his wife) and the actions of his wife towards Jane Eyre are again clear signs of oppression. When she fell to poverty after leaving Thornfield Manor, she was also subjected to the oppression of the society. The storytellings returned gaze characteristic, then, is a powerful symbol that alludes to women empowerment.Like Jane Eyre, women are attacked and oppressed in many different ways by many different entities (men, society, institutions, etc. ). The growing power of women lies in many things that are now endowed to her. This includes the ability to tell the world about her own life, how she is oppressed, and how her perspective is nonetheless without the influence, control and dictation of the powerful and traditional external forces oppressing and trying to control the woman. Jane Eyres tone of narration is proof of the existence of the returned gaze.She sees the condition based on her own perspective. She defines what is happening to her and her life not on how the oppressors of her life would see it, but how she sees it. She talks about her own oppressors based on her own condition and not on the condition of her oppressors. The ability of the returned gaze breaks down every restriction and prohibition that oppressors might have put up to refrain the oppressed from speaking what they truly think and feel. In Jane Eyre, Jane is not just candid but is also powerful, critical and unrestrained in her presentation of the narrative of her life. This understanding and explanation of the presence and power of gaze in Jane Eyre and in Charlotte Bronte is something that is galvanized by the ideas of other writers working on literary analysis and criticism of the gaze and involving Charlotte Brontes work and her other literary creations. In the book â€Å"Feminisms: an Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticism†, the authors explain that the presence of gaze in Jane Eyre is not merely the providing of the opportunity for woman to challenge men and male perspective.More importantly, this gaze as it is present in Jane Eyre, is something more powerful. It is a chance to destroy previously socially established gender-based status quo and the resulting conditions dictated by such state in the society involving the places and roles, powers and responsibilities of the male and female character (Warhol, Herndl 429). Through the uncurtailed, unrestricted, unhampered voice of Jane Eyre, Warhol and Herndl believe that Bronte and her writings including Jane Eyre reflect â€Å"envisioning the possibility of disrupting the politics of gaze† (Warhol, Herndl 429).Furthermore, Brontes writing and the novel Jane Eyre are both testament to the idea about gaze and the importance of the presence of such characteristic in this narrative story telling. Jane Eyre is â€Å"not a simple inversion in which the woman is permitted to turn the tables with an appropriating look back but a destruction of the hierarchical positioning of male and female that the gendered gaze entails† (Warhol, Herndl 429). Writer Anthony Channell Hilfer explains that this kind of oppressive action by the oppressor (commonly the male or the institutions and groups in the society influenced directly or indirectly by men) on the oppressed through the form of the gaze is something that many individuals have talked and written about, developed and created (Hilfer 15). This includes the likes of Jean-Paul Sartre and Michel Foucault, who, according to Hilfer, explained that gaze is a â€Å"more efficient form of tyranny than more overt forms of violence† (Hilfer 15).It is no wonder then that feminist readers and literary analysts supportive of womens rights and equalities across gender celebrate Jane Eyre and its own characteristic of the gaze, especially the returned gaze. It has become a tool to fight a tyrannical oppression by men inside a patriarchal and male controlled society, in fiction and in real life. The use of the returned gaze in Jane Eyre is fitting considering the character, what she has gone through and her actions and what it represents especially in the fight for equality by women and feminist advocacy groups. Jane Eyre fought the many types of oppressors in her story and in her life.The manner by which she talks about it only strengthens this kind of power that Jane Eyre as a story and as a character possesses. Critics and literary analysts do not claim the authority to know but instead explore the more important query on this matter. â€Å"What kind of subjectivity did Charlotte Bronte construct for Jane Eyre? † (Gunter, Wagener 10). It seems easy to dispense of answers but it does not mean they are accurate and correct. As with the case of Jane Eyre, subjectivity, particularly female subjectivity in the story and in the character is something that remains to be investigated.The investigation should be undertaken by individuals detached from any emotional string involved in this text. This has been done so that the feminist bias is avoided and a clearer and more organized set of ideas regarding female subjectivity can be created and presented to the public. 3. Jane Eyre and Subjectivity 3. 1 Subjectivity as Jane Eyres Strength Many critics and literary analysts commend the subjectivity, particularly female subjectivity, in Jane Eyre, in the belief that this is one of the most important characteristics of the novel itself.This is one of the characteristics responsible for making this Victorian-era novel timeless and well applauded among literary critics and analysts and the ordinary reader alike. Knies, for example, describes the subjectivity in Jane Eyre as intense and powerful. The narrator speaking in first person is empowered with such freedom to freely talk about her life in a way that is unencumbered by the restrictions and limitations created by other approaches, say third person ominous (Knies 546). The use of the first person perspective sets the tone and anticipation for female subjectivity via the story telling of Jane Eyre.The author allowed the narrator blanket autonomy to talk and speak as she sees, feels and deems things to be, and as a character that is intense, her subjectivity on the aspects of her life as she saw it was characterized by the same high degree of intensity as she speaks about it. This, in turn, gives the novel one of its strong characteristics. Knies, in his journal article, notes how â€Å"Walter Allen described Jane Eyre as a novel containing intense subjectivity and how this is the novels strength† (Knies 546).The presence of and voicing out of female subjectivity side by side, the importance of female subjectivity in feminist readings and criticism is one of the solid take-off points that Jane Eyre used to capture the attention and admiration of many readers, particularly female readers. Here, literary analysts and critics explain that the reader easily appreciates and relates to the fact that female subjectivity was used in the story to create and develop the female character that the readers have come to know and love in Jane Eyre the film and Jane Eyre as the empowered character herself. The main theme is thus the development of a central narrative voice, as the character, Jane Eyre, learns a use of language, while spinning the tale of her life and locating her identity and subjectivity within that narrative† (Azim 174). Other writers and analysts or literary critics made related observations and input when it comes to this aspect of the novel. For example, Lessard added a dimension in the discussion of the female subjectivity in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre and the growing appreciation for the value of and discussion of female subjectivity in this particular story (Lessard 331). This is considering how Jane Eyre and the narrative form her recollection of her life in this self confessed autobiographical work. All of these point to the subjectivity of Jane and the female subjectivity, in general. It has caught the attention not just of literary critics and analysts but even masters and musicologists who ventured in this realm and sought to interpret it in operatic music, in the hope of highlighting female subjectivity in the story.Its analysis provides answers to questions pertaining to the same query on female subjectivity (Lessard 331). The real question is how the novel displays the subjective female as how Jane Eyre is perceived by many who criticized and analysed this literary work through many different timelines. It is affected by the socio-cultural movements happening vis-a-vis the viewing and reviewing of Jane Eyre, its contents and its implications (i. e. for example in relation to the changes in feminist movement, lesbian rights and women empowerment, etc).Amigoni explains that the female subjectivity of Jane in the story is affected by many different conditions and reflects in many different ways (and how the two are connected together). He explained that the female subjectivity is affected by social expectations (Amigoni 63). The reader wants Jane Eyre to be the candid narrator of her life. And yet, part of the reader expects Jane Eyre to be artistic about it, to be detailed about it, and in some respect, to follow certain traditional forms of personal autobiographical narrative.Brontes response to these impending expectations of the readers is the diversification of the character of Jane Eyre, someone who â€Å"juggles between genres in telling her story† (Amigoni 63). Jane Eyre immediately establishes her subjectivity or female subjectivity in this narrative by explaining to the reader that the story is a recollection of memories she can retrieve. Thus, her story is subject to the limits as well as extent of her own memory and capacity for retrieving such episodes in her life which in turn impacts her subjectivity in the entire story.In the long run, the female subjectivity to which Jane Eyre is being viewed with, is displaced in many different components to the autobiographer self, to the heroine self and to the objectified character. â€Å"We call for Jane to be less of an autobiographer, more of a novelistic narrator, and character, and heroine† (Amigoni 63). This discussion of Amigoni in the characters that Jane Eyre struggled to balance all throughout the story was a preparation and introduction to the true perspective of Amigoni regarding the female subjectivity in the novel.In this topic, Amigoni believes that the constant characteristic of the female subjectivity of Jane Eyre is found in its shifting form (Amigoni 63). The female subjectivity shifts depending on the shift in the tone and storytelling, dependin g on what Jane Eyre wears at a specific time and discussion somewhere in the story. Her being subjective as a female character is not compartmentalized on a scene per scene basis but is changing, shifting, evolving from one state of life to the next. This is to consider how the experiences in her life during that stage impacts and affects her subjectivity. The point that we can make here is that Janes subjectivity is being constructed and reconstructed as the narrative shifts from one focus of spatial attention to the next. She uses these experiences so that she can create a mindset that helps her justify her actions and create a rationale to explain how and why things happened as they did in her life, affecting her subjectivity. 3. 2 Childhood as Roots to Subjectivity Some of the literary critics and analysts studying Jane Eyre believes that this novel speaks about a particular natural characteristic of the subjectivity. Subjectivity in adult life is strongly connected with subjectivity as well as experiences in childhood.As a Bildungsroman novel that allows the reader to travel with Jane Eyre from her early childhood years to adulthood, the reader is also allowed to see the experiences of Jane Eyre as a child. These experiences became important considerations to the formation of Jane Eyres own subjectivity in her later, adult life. 3. 3 Criticisms As expected in literary criticism, the concept of female subjectivity and its presence in Jane Eyre and subjectivity as one of the novels strongest and most important characteristics are challenged by those who believe otherwise.Kaplan who wrote a criticism regarding subjectivity and Jane Eyre, believed that such subjectivity is not reflective in Jane Eyre (Kaplan 40). This novel, actually, is a futile attempt to delve into the psyche of the poor female character and bring about her own subjectivity on the issues affecting her life. The author and the novel appear to be out of touch with the true reality of the subjectivity of the poor as how Jane Eyre was perceived by some to be. This is in consideration to Jane Eyre and her financial and personal background as an orphaned, penniless individual who struggled for most of her life. Kaplans assessment with regards to the subjectivity in the novel is scathing and powerful. Her accusations blunt are yet sharp and straightforward. She calls the novel â€Å"bourgeois† and its content bereft of any subjectivity, lacking actual insight in the mind frame of the true poor, struggling, oppressed, marginalized woman like Jane Eyre (Kaplan 40). â€Å"Nineteenth-century bourgeois novels like Jane Eyre tell us almost nothing about the self-defined subjectivity of the poor, male or female.For, although they are rich sources for the construction of dominant definitions of the inner lives of the working classes, they cannot tell us anything about how even these ideological inscriptions were lived by them† (Kaplan 40). There are also other possible criticisms that can be put forward especially with regards to the celebration of the female subjective in the story Jane Eyre. For one, the critical praise showered towards Jane Eyre as a character and as a story is high ly questionable in some instances and cases considering the implication of the social condition that gave power to Jane Eyre. Pro-feminist literary analysts dance around Jane Eyre as if it was a deity or something god-send that fuels the fire of women empowerment. It is one thing to accept that the society has indeed controlled, subjugated and silenced women, but it is an entirely different issue for women to pick up anything and translate it as a heroine text. With cynicism and scepticism, it is easy to see that those who hail the triumph of Jane Eyre are not actually basing it on literary merit.They try (albeit sometimes, in vain) to find something in Jane Eyre as well as in other texts and literary materials for things that they can use to inspire female and feminine power. This includes the praising of female subjectivity in Jane Eyre. In fact, similar to the earlier discussion on the lack of subjectivity of Jane Eyre especially on the life of the poor, people are misleading and misreading Jane Eyre for their own purposes and to satisfy their own need. Sometimes, it goes even to the extent of and expens e of feigning literary merit and recognition when none exists in the first place. As Azim has pointed out, the other face of Jane Eyre criticism especially on subjectivity is all about misreading Jane Eyre and misinterpreting it to extract whatever fake literary value they can conjure and use to convince the people about the greatness of Jane Eyre, say, on female subjectivity (Azim 172). â€Å"Women feminist and non-feminist alike have read and re-read Jane Eyre to celebrate it as a text where the female author, the female protagonist and the female reader are joined together in sisterly harmony and recognition† (Azim 172).The other question that needs to be answered in criticism and literary analysis, is the exploration of the possibility that maybe there is actually nothing more into it than that. The author, the character, the story and the readers are all intertwined and connected because of the similar desires, agendas and purposes one serves for the other. There is actually no real literary merit for discourse, like on female subjectivity. Other cri tics, who do not easily buy into the idea of Jane Eyres greatness as a story and a character, look at other flaws besides the spirit of sorority among women and feminist patrons supporting this text.There are those who believe that the process of literary analysis and merit discussion regarding aspects like the true value of female subjectivity and its real presence and essence in Jane Eyre is somewhat affected by the â€Å"rush to reclaim Jane Eyre as the heroine of a feminist novel† (Gunter, Wagener 10). Thus, it compromised a significant part of the analysis. Attacking the real value of the female subjectivity in Jane Eyre and the idea that Jane Eyre as a character represents the position of women as narrating life and the world as she sees it free from the shackles of social and patriarchal influence and control.It can be disputed and easily a point of argument with no clear cut victory for either side. It is questionable whether Jane Eyres female subjectivity and her concept of representing autonomy and freedom via her story is actually applicable when in fact, everyone – normal and deviant – merely react to the expectations and behavior modification styles of the society. Jane Eyres subjectivity and even her defiance of the imperial male gaze are actually just one of the many ways individuals respond to the design of society.In the end, there is no autonomy or freedom represented and subjectivity was merely misread and misinterpreted for the readers own convenience and use. â€Å"Theoreticians point out that there is no autonomous and transcendent I that is not marked by social coding† (Gunter, Wagener 10). Conclusion Jane Eyre is one of the novels that has been identified by critics when it comes to dissecting the use of and presence of subjectivity as well as gaze. This is because author Charlotte Bronte was skilled enough and was equipped with literary knowledge, skills set and competence to guarantee that her story has that important and significant aspect.Subjectivity has been an important focus in the debate and discussion regarding analysis of literary content, as important as the discussion of gaze. These are seen in Jane Eyre because of the manner by which the character relates to the reader; by the quality of the tone of her narrative; by the things she focused on and the things she ignored; by the very fibre of her life spread in every letter of ever word in every page to which the readers hang on dearly.Fitting enough, the concept of subjectivity and the female subjectivity in Jane Eyre is not always meant with universal agreement since there are those who see differently. As for gaze, the inspection of the story reveals the presence of a variety of gaze, including the returned gaze and imperial gaze and the penetrating gaze, among others. Readers are invited to read more, to see more. Jane Eyre herself is looking more and more inside her life as her narrative progresses, while many women stood by her side and saw what she saw, understood what she meant and sympathized with her emotions.